如何辨别金鱼的性别

方法 1

方法 1 的 3:辨别雌鱼

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雌鱼身型更为浑圆。雌性金鱼的身型与同类同龄的雄性金鱼相比更为浑圆。
雌鱼身型较宽,从侧面看可作为确定性别的依据。
随着繁殖季节的来临,雌鱼将会产卵,因此身体一侧会肿胀,导致身体看起来很失衡。
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观察鱼的肛门。雌鱼的肛门较雄鱼形状更圆,在繁育季来临时会稍稍凸出体外。
从侧面看,雌鱼的肛门看上去像腹部的凸起。
除此之外,雌鱼的臀鳍要比雄鱼更为厚实。

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方法 2

方法 2 的 3:辨别雄鱼

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查看金鱼是否长有小瘤。雄鱼的一个特征就是在鳃盖上长有小瘤,外观呈白色点状。
通常情况下白色小瘤只会在金鱼的繁殖期才会出现,但多次经历繁殖期的雄鱼可能会常年长有白瘤。
白瘤也可能会长在雄鱼的胸鳍上,也可能会遍布在鱼鳞及其周身。
尽管是否长有肉瘤可以作为确定金鱼性别的佐证,但也可能出现差错。雌鱼有可能会长出小瘤,而雄鱼则有可能没有肉瘤。

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注意体型细窄,更具流线型的鱼。同类同龄的鱼,雄鱼的体型通常更长更细,更具流线型。

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注意凹陷的肛门。雄鱼的肛门一般细窄狭长,呈扁圆状,且内陷。

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查看鱼身上是否有中脊线。如果可以的话,观察鱼的腹部是否存在中脊线。中脊线从腹鳍延伸至肛门,雌鱼一般没有中脊线或者线条很淡。

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观察求偶行为。辨别鱼类性别最可靠的方式,就是观察其在繁殖期的表现。
雄鱼会在鱼缸或者水塘里追逐雌鱼,紧靠或者在雌鱼腹下游动,有时也会触动雌鱼尾部。
雄鱼会努力将雌鱼挤到鱼缸一侧,或者将其赶入水草中,迫使其产卵。
在没有雌鱼的情况下,雄鱼之间也会互相追逐,所以通过求偶行为和外观特征做出双重判断,准确率会更高。

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方法 3

方法 3 的 3:了解辨别金鱼性别的困难

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只有性成熟的金鱼才能判断其性别。金鱼从鱼苗长成成鱼需要一年左右的时间,只有成鱼才能辨别性别。
性成熟所需要的时间取决于鱼的种类和性别。有些种类的雄鱼在9个月大的时候就性成熟了,而有些雌鱼则需要3年时间才能性成熟。
没有DNA技术辅助,确定鱼苗的性别几乎是不可能的事情。如果你希望自己养的鱼性别分布均衡,那么至少要买六条同类的金鱼。从概率上来看,六条鱼中有异性的可能性高达98%。

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辨别金鱼性别没有捷径可循,只能通过繁殖期对其行为进行观察。准确辨别金鱼性别非常不易,即便专家也常会出错。这是因为例外情况时有发生:
有些雄性金鱼不会长小肉瘤,而雌鱼有时则会很少见的长出肉瘤。许多雌鱼肛门不会长出凸起的肛门,而有些雄鱼则会。
有些品种的金鱼无法按照常规标准判断其性别,比如兰寿金鱼,龙睛金鱼通常体型浑圆,因而无法通过其体型判断性别。
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为了确保性别鉴定的准确性,请多观察几个特征,而不要仅仅限于一个特征。

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这些评判标准仅适用于健康,饲育得当的金鱼。不健康的金鱼很可能不具备正常金鱼的体表特征或者繁殖行为。所以为了坚定性别,请保证鱼水和鱼食的清洁,确保金鱼的健康。
举个例子,不健康的雄性金鱼在繁殖期可能不会长出小肉瘤,不健康的雌鱼则可能不具备凸出的肛门。
靠体型判断金鱼性别也不够准确。体型细长的金鱼可能会被误认为是雄性,因为雄性一般体型较小。可是体型小的金鱼也有可能是营养不良的雌鱼。此外,你也可能会把隆起的腹部作为雌鱼的特征,但这可能是水肿引起的病变。

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