部分 1
部分 1 的 3:穿合适的衣服
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外出前先查看天气。先看天气预报，然后才决定你今天要穿怎样的衣服。防止冻伤其实就是尽可能做好充分准备。不管是远足还是排队购买火车票，如果你一整天都会待在户外，就有可能会冻伤。
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确保自己有充足的御寒衣服来应对气温下降。冬天的天气非常难测。为中午的高温做好准备之余，也必须提前为夜晚的低温打算。万一你迟回家，也有充足的衣服御寒。
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做好准备面对预料之外的暴风雪或狂风。暴露在湿雪和冷风中将增加被冻伤的几率。
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穿多层衣服。经常待在户外的人已经发展出一套应付冬天天气的穿衣方法。无论你的冬装有多保暖，也不会比多穿一层衣服有效。好的冬天装束最好包括以下基本御寒衣物：
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穿一件紧贴皮肤的吸湿排汗衣服。这种人造面料能避免皮肤长时间处于潮湿状态。
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穿一件保暖的衣服遮盖吸湿排汗的衣服。最好是羊毛制成的衣服。不要穿棉质衣服，因为它无法很快变干，不能很好地保暖。
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最外一层穿一件适合冬天的衣服。你可以在外穿一件冬大衣、防雨外套或两件一起穿，从根本上保护自己。
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检查衣服是否有空隙。确保衣服没有空隙，寒冷空气无法从外面进入，袭击你的皮肤。裤子和衬衫相接处、手腕、脚踝和脖子都很容易冻伤。即使这些并非最常见的冻伤部位，你也应该采取预防措施，以防万一。
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把打底衫严严实实地塞进裤子。
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用袜子包着裤脚。
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用连指手套盖着衣服袖子。
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特别注意保护头部、双手和双脚。这些都是最常被冻伤的部位。保暖衣服无法保护这些身体外表面。你必须特别给这些部位穿戴合适的衣物，让它们尽量保持暖和。
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穿带有帽耳的保暖帽子。
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在非常冷的气温下保护眼睛和鼻子。你可以戴滑雪面罩。
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戴连指手套，它们比分指手套更保暖。
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穿合适的鞋子和袜子。如果你预料到双脚会被弄湿，可以穿防水靴子。
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部分 2
部分 2 的 3:了解何时必须躲入屋内
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别让孩子在外面待太久，每过一小时都要把孩子带进屋内，让他的身体暖和起来。小孩更容易被冻伤，因为他们不像成人那样了解冻伤的警告信号。小孩也可能遗失连指手套，却没有即刻注意到这点，导致手指冻得发麻。定时带小孩回到屋内取暖（尤其是在非常寒冷的气温下），时刻保持他们的安全。
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如果你遇到严重的暴风雨或极其寒冷的天气，请寻找躲避的地方。在低温、狂风或下大雨时，身体可能很快就被冻伤。如果天气状况出现变化，你必须尽快寻找躲避的地方。
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如果衣服被雪、雨或汗水弄湿了，请立刻更换衣服或进入屋内。让潮湿的衣服紧贴皮肤会增加冻伤的风险，尤其是袜子、分指手套或连指手套。多带些衣服，或是在衣服被弄湿后进入屋内晾干它们。
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每半小时检查皮肤是否被冻伤。如果你处于非常寒冷的气温下，这一点尤其重要。
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研究来源
检查你的皮肤，轻压皮肤看看它是否变得僵硬，动一动手指和脚趾。冻伤的前兆包括：[2]
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可靠来源
Princeton University
前往来源
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亚冻伤：这是最早的阶段。皮肤被按压后通常会感到疼痛及发红。
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表面冻伤：第二阶段的冻伤特征为皮肤发麻，呈灰黄色或白色，但仍感觉柔软。
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深层冻伤：这个阶段的冻伤非常危险，需要立刻就医。看看皮肤是否发麻，呈白色或蜡样灰黄色，而且异常僵硬。患者也可能出现头晕目眩、意识模糊和发烧症状。
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部分 3
部分 3 的 3:处理冻伤
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立刻到一个温暖的地方。如果你出现冻伤前兆，马上进入屋内取暖。脱下湿衣服，换上干的衣服或是裹着保暖的毯子取暖。喝一杯暖和的饮料，例如茶、热巧克力或温水，尽快提高体温。
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身体变暖后，不要再出去。在这时候外出，冻伤部位很容易受到进一步损伤。别为了回去滑雪或远足而让自己承受冻伤的风险。
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如果你找不到暖和的地方，或离最近的有暖气建筑物太远，可以躲在不受风吹的地方，然后呼喊或打电话求救。
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将冻伤部位浸泡在温水中。在一个碗或锅里装温水，然后把冻伤部位完全浸入水里。别用热水，以免皮肤太快变热，损伤皮肤组织。浸泡冻伤部位30到40分钟。
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先让没有冻伤的人测试水温，确保是温水，而非热水。被冻伤者可能无法准确地感应温度。
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约30或40分钟后，冻伤部位应该会恢复所有知觉，并恢复正常肤色。当身体组织开始暖和时，你通常会感到剧烈疼痛。
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别用其它方法温暖冻伤部位。粗暴地对待身体组织可能加重损伤。你只能用温水作为取暖方法，让身体恢复正常体温。请勿做以下的事情：
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8
别用手或毛巾揉搓皮肤。
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别用火烤冻伤部位，因为发麻的皮肤很容易被烧伤。
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寻求医疗协助或让医生评估损伤状况。亚冻伤可以在家治疗，无需进一步的医疗协助，但超过这个范围的冻伤可能会造成长期伤害。如果你出现以下症状，请立刻就医：[3]
X
可靠来源
Mayo Clinic
前往来源
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11起水泡
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12失去感觉
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13皮肤苍白或变色
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14冻伤部位流脓
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15发烧、意识模糊、头晕目眩
广告
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